QuickLinks: 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199
Page last updated Apr 27, 2011
WORKING: Add positions/physical data (per Steinicke)
WORKING: Check size/quality of pix already on page
IC 150 (= PGC 6316)
Discovered (Dec 5, 1893) by Stephane Javelle (534)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sb) in Pisces (RA 01 42 58, Dec +04 12 01)
Based on recessional velocity of 5550 km/sec, about 245 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 235 to 245 million light years. Given that and apparent size of 1.0 by 0.5 arcmins, about 70 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 150 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 151
Recorded (Aug 11, 1890) by Lewis Swift (X-7)
A "lost" object in Pisces (RA 01 43 57, Dec +13 12 09)
No object exists at this position; see Corwin's discussion at IC 152
IC 152 (= PGC 6368 ?)
Recorded (Aug 11, 1890) by Lewis Swift (X-8)
Perhaps a 15th-magnitude galaxy (type S/Irr pec?) in Pisces (RA 01 44 01, Dec +13 04 28)
Corwin states that there is nothing at Swift's recorded positions for IC 151, 152, 153, or 157, and that although PGC 6368 may be one of the nebulae supposedly seen by Swift, whether it actually corresponds to any one of them, let alone IC 152, is uncertain at best (for example, HyperLeda lists IC 152 as PGC 6368, but although NASA/IPAC NED lists IC 152 as nonexistent, it does state that PGC 6368 "may also be" IC 152). Given the possibility that IC 152 might be PGC 6368, the NED data for that galaxy suggest the following: Based on a recessional velocity of 8095 km/sec, the object is about 360 million light years away. Given that and an apparent size of 0.5 by 0.4 arcmin, it is about 50 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of PGC 6368 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 153
Recorded (Sep 25, 1890) by Lewis Swift (X-9)
A "lost" object in Pisces (RA 01 44 36, Dec +12 37 04)
No object exists at this position; see Corwin's discussion at IC 152
IC 154 (= PGC 6439)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (535)
A 14th-magnitude galaxy (type Sb) in Pisces (RA 01 45 16, Dec +10 38 59)
Based on a recessional velocity of 5545 km/sec, about 250 million light years away. Given that and an apparent size of 1.4 by 0.2 arcmin, about 100 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 154 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 155
Recorded (Dec 30, 1893) by Max Wolf
A "lost" object in Cassiopeia (RA 01 47 32, Dec +60 36 39)
Supposedly an emission nebula, but nothing exists at the recorded position, and Corwin states that there is nothing on the "discovery" plate, either. |
IC 156 (= PGC 6448)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (536)
A 14th-magnitude galaxy (type S?) in Pisces (RA 01 45 29, Dec +10 33 12)
Based on recessional velocity of 5525 km/sec, about 250 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.5 by 1.2 arcmin, about 100 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 156 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 157
Recorded (Sep 25, 1890) by Lewis Swift (X-10)
A "lost" object in Pisces (RA 01 45 42, Dec +12 52 24)
No object exists at this position; see Corwin's discussion at IC 152
IC 158 (= PGC 144318)
Discovered (Dec 14, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (537)
A 15th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2) in Cetus (RA 01 45 53, Dec -06 56 07)
Based on a recessional velocity of 15675 km/sec, about 700 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.7 by 0.55 arcmin, about 140 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 158 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 159 (= PGC 6505)
Discovered (Dec 17, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (538)
A 13th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)b pec) in Cetus (RA 01 46 25, Dec -08 38 12)
Based on recessional velocity of 3915 km/sec, about 175 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.45 by 0.75 arcmin, about 70 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 159 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 160 (= PGC 6511)
Discovered (Jan 2, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (71)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAB0) in Cetus (RA 01 46 30, Dec -13 14 50)
Based on recessional velocity of 5580 km/sec, about 250 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.2 by 0.8 arcmin, about 85 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 160 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 161 (= PGC 6644)
Discovered (Jan 8, 1891) by Lewis Swift (X-11)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sb?) in Pisces (RA 01 48 44, Dec +10 30 30)
Corwin states that Swift's positions for IC 161 and 162 were poor, but that it seems certain he saw the brighter one in 1889, and both in 1890. Hence the identifications seem more likely to be correct, than not. Based on that, the recessional velocity of 5335 km/sec suggests a distance of 240 million light years. Given that and an apparent size of 0.8 by 0.6 arcmin, about 55 thousand light years in diameter. |
| Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 161; see IC 162 for a wide-field view |
IC 162 (= PGC 6643)
Discovered (Oct 3, 1889) by Lewis Swift (IX-3)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S0) in Pisces (RA 01 48 53, Dec +10 31 20)
(See IC 161 for Corwin's note about it and IC 162.) Based on a recessional velocity of 5160 km/sec, about 230 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.6 by 1.6 arcmin, about 110 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 162 and PGC 6653 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 163 (= PGC 6675)
Discovered (Dec 27, 1866) by Truman Safford (72)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBdm) in Aries (RA 01 49 15, Dec +20 42 38)
Based on recessional velocity of 2750 km/sec, about 120 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 85 to 120 million light years. Given that and apparent size of 1.8 by 0.9 arcmin, about 65 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 163 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 164 (= PGC 6666)
Discovered (Oct 23, 1889) by Lewis Swift (IX-5)
A 13th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E1?) in Cetus (RA 01 49 08, Dec -03 54 16)
Based on recessional velocity of 5280 km/sec, about 235 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.4 by 1.2 arcmin, about 95 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 164 Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy |

IC 165 (= NGC 684 = PGC 6759)
Discovered (Oct 26, 1786) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 684)
Discovered (Jan 18, 1890) by Edward Swift (IX-6) (and later listed as IC 165) The duplication was noted in the early 1900's.
IC 166
Discovered (1890) by William Denning
A 12th-magnitude open star cluster in Cassiopeia (RA 01 52 24, Dec +61 51 09)
The image below shows a 12 arcmin wide region centered on IC 166

IC 167 (= Arp 31 = PGC 6833)
Discovered (Jan 4, 1889) by Guillaume Bigourdan (133)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAB(s)c) in Aries (RA 01 51 09, Dec +21 54 45)
Based on recessional velocity of 2930 km/sec, about 130 million light years away, in fair agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 65 to 110 million light years. Given that and apparent size of 2.9 by 1.9 arcmin, about 110 thousand light years across. |
Above, a 3 arcmin wide view of IC 167 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 168 (= PGC 6763)
Discovered (Oct 7, 1891) by Sherburne Burnham
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sb?) in Cetus (RA 01 50 28, Dec -08 31 25)
Based on recessional velocity of 5355 km/sec, about 240 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.05 by 0.4 arcmin, about 70 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 168 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 169 (= PGC 949241)
Discovered (Jan 2, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (72)
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S?) in Cetus (RA 01 50 39, Dec -12 40 45)
Based on recessional velocity of 8475 km/sec, about 380 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.65 by 0.5 arcmin, about 70 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 169 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 170 (= PGC 6890 = PGC 174275)
Discovered (Dec 17, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (540)
A 14th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Cetus (RA 01 51 57, Dec -08 31 02)
Based on recessional velocity of 5215 km/sec, about 230 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.72 by 0.58 arcmin, about 50 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 170 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 171 (= PGC 7139)
Discovered (Sep 6, 1888) by Lewis Swift (VIII-1)
A 12th-magnitude galaxy (type E1?) in Triangulum (RA 01 55 10, Dec +35 16 55)
Based on recessional velocity of 5360 km/sec, about 240 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 2.5 by 2.2 arcmin, about 175 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1.5 arcmin wide view of IC 171 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy In a later iteration of this page, I will try to remove the "artifacts" in the images |

IC 172 (= PGC 7116)
Discovered (Dec 12, 1893) by Stephane Javelle (541)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S?) in Cetus (RA 01 54 54, Dec +00 48 42)
Based on recessional velocity of 8210 km/sec, about 365 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.75 by 0.5 arcmin, about 75 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 172 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 173 (= PGC 7217)
Discovered (Dec 26, 1893) by Stephane Javelle (542)
A 14th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)bc) in Cetus (RA 01 55 57, Dec +01 17 05)
Based on recessional velocity of 13915 km/sec, about 620 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.9 by 0.7 arcmin, about 160 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 173 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 174 (= PGC 7249)
Discovered (Nov 5, 1891) by Stephane Javelle (73)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S0?) in Pisces (RA 01 56 16, Dec +03 45 45)
Based on recessional velocity of 5205 km/sec, about 230 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.3 by 0.8 arcmin, about 90 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 174 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 175 (= PGC 7261)
Discovered (Dec 26, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (543)
A 14th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Cetus (RA 01 56 19, Dec +01 19 57)
Apparent size of 0.6 by 0.45 arcmin; apparently nothing else available. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 175 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 176 (= PGC 7306)
Discovered (Dec 3, 1891) by Stephane Javelle (74)
A 14th-magnitude edge-on spiral galaxy (type Sbc?) in Cetus (RA 01 56 54, Dec -02 01 08)
Based on recessional velocity of 4445 km/sec, about 200 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 175 to 220 million light years. Given that and apparent size of 2.35 by 0.35 arcmin, about 135 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 176 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 177 (= PGC 7326)
Discovered (Nov 7, 1891) by Stephane Javelle (75)
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S?) in Cetus (RA 01 57 01, Dec -00 05 23)
Based on recessional velocity of 13545 km/sec, about 600 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.6 by 0.5 arcmin, about 100 thousand light years in diameter. Corwin notes that although correctly identified in most catalogs, the MCG incorrectly lists one of the fainter galaxies to the south as IC 177. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 177 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 178 (= PGC 7488)
Discovered (Nov 8, 1866) by Truman Safford (67)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sab) in Andromeda (RA 01 58 55, Dec +36 40 30)
Based on recessional velocity of 4840 km/sec, about 215 million light years away, in good agreement with a redshift-independent distance estimate of 230 million light years. Given that and apparent size of 1.3 by 0.9 arcmin, about 80 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 178 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy (A later iteration of this page will remove the diagonal artifact in the wide-field view) |

IC 179 (= PGC 7581)
Discovered (Jun 28, 1890) by Lewis Swift (X-13)
A 13th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Andromeda (RA 02 00 12, Dec +38 01 17)
Based on recessional velocity of 4210 km/sec, about 185 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.8 by 1.5 arcmin, about 100 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1.5 arcmin wide view of IC 179 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 180 (= PGC 7558)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (544)
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sb?) in Aries (RA 02 00 00, Dec +23 36 18)
Based on recessional velocity of 4910 km/sec, about 220 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.75 by 0.3 arcmin, about 50 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 180 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 181 (= PGC 7559)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (545)
A 15th-magnitude galaxy (type C?) in Aries (RA 02 00 02, Dec +23 39 33)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.3 arcmin; apparently nothing else available. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 181 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 182 (= PGC 7556)
Discovered (Dec 5, 1893) by Stephane Javelle (546)
A 14th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SBb) in Pisces (RA 01 59 52, Dec +07 24 44)
Based on recessional velocity of 4695 km/sec, about 210 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.8 by 0.6 arcmin, about 50 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 182 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 183 (= PGC 7538)
Discovered (Dec 7, 1893) by Stephane Javelle (547)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S0?) in Cetus (RA 01 59 34, Dec -05 20 50)
Based on recessional velocity of 3800 km/sec, about 170 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.3 by 0.4 arcmin, about 65 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 183 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 184 (= PGC 7554)
Discovered (Oct 15, 1887) by Ormond Stone (55)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SB(r)a) in Cetus (RA 01 59 51, Dec -06 50 26)
A Seyfert galaxy (type Sy2). Based on recessional velocity of 5380 km/sec, about 240 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.0 by 0.5 arcmin, about 70 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 184 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 185 (= PGC 7576)
Discovered (Dec 14, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (548)
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sab) in Cetus (RA 02 00 06, Dec -01 31 40)
Based on recessional velocity of 13190 km/sec, about 600 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.5 by 0.2 arcmin, about 85 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 185 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 186 (= PGC 7599 + PGC 7600)
Discovered (Dec 14, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (549)
A pair of 15th-magnitude spiral galaxies in Cetus
PGC 7599 = PGC 144487 = IC 186A is a type S0? galaxy at RA 02 00 24, Dec -01 33 12
PGC 7600 = IC 186B is a pair of type S0? galaxies at RA 02 00 25, Dec -01 33 02
IC 186A and B appear to be an interacting triplet. Based on a recessional velocity of 12830 km/sec, they are about 570 million light years away. Given that and apparent sizes of 0.4 by 0.25 arcmin for IC 186A, and 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin for IC 186B, the three galaxies (A, B1 and B2) are about 65, 30 and 20 thousand light years across, respectively. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 186A and B Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxies |

IC 187 (= PGC 7683 + PGC 2800932)
Discovered (Jan 18, 1890) by Edward Swift (IX-7)
A pair of 13th-magnitude spiral galaxies in Triangulum
PGC 7683 = Component 1 is a type SBa galaxy at RA 02 01 31, Dec +26 28 52
PGC 2800932 = Component 2 is a type S? galaxy at RA 02 01 34, Dec +26 29 05
IC 187 appears to be an interacting pair. Based on a recessional velocity of 5150 km/sec, they are about 230 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 220 to 280 million light years. Given that and apparent sizes of 2.0 by 0.7 arcmin for component 1, and 0.7 by 0.25 arcmin for component 2, they are about 130 and 45 thousand light years across, respectively. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 187 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxies |

IC 188 (= PGC 7706 ?)
Discovered (Jan 18, 1890) by Edward Swift (IX-8)
An object in Triangulum
Listed by Steinicke as a 12th-magnitude star at RA 02 01 51, Dec +27 02 40
Listed by Corwin as a 14th-magnitude galaxy (type S?) (= PGC 7706) at RA 02 01 46, Dec +26 32 45
There is considerable confusion as to the identity of this object. Corwin states that Swift's positions for IC 187 and 188 were poor, but that his "description of the two galaxies is consistent" with their appearance, suggesting that his identification of IC 188 as PGC 7706 is at least possible. However, HyperLeda does not list IC 188, and entering IC 188 in Wikisky shows an empty region (although entering Steinicke's position shows the aforementioned star). So searches for the object in various databases are bound to give conflicting results. Based on the identification as PGC 7706, the object has a recessional velocity of 5010 km/sec, suggesting a distance of 225 million light years, in fair agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 175 to 210 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 0.6 by 0.3 arcmin, it is about 40 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of PGC 7706 (= IC 188 ?) Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 189 (= PGC 7716)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (550)
A 14th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Aries (RA 02 01 53, Dec +23 33 04)
Based on a recessional velocity of 12345 km/sec, about 550 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.8 by 0.8 arcmin, about 130 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 189 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 190 (= PGC 7731)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (551)
A 14th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Aries (RA 02 02 07, Dec +23 33 01)
Based on a recessional velocity of 4770 km/sec, about 210 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.25 by 0.2 arcmin, about 15 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 190 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 191 (= NGC 794 = PGC 7763)
Discovered (Oct 15, 1784) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 794)
"Discovered" (Oct 20, 1889) by Lewis Swift (IX-9) (and later recorded as IC 191)
Dreyer noted that the position of Swift's object was essentially the same as that recorded by Herschel and his son, John Herschel; but their descriptions were so different that he listed them as different objects. Corwin suggests that Swift probably made his observation on a night when the "seeing" was much better. |
IC 192 (= PGC 7768)
Discovered (Feb 14, 1890) by Rudolf Spitaler (4)
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0) in Aries (RA 02 02 32, Dec +16 00 51)
Based on a recessional velocity of 3895 km/sec, about 175 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.9 by 0.7 arcmin, about 45 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1 arcmin wide view of IC 192 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 193 (= PGC 7765)
Discovered (Oct 8, 1887) by Lewis Swift (VII-3)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SA(rs)c) in Aries (RA 02 02 31, Dec +11 05 35)
Based on a recessional velocity of 4650 km/sec, about 210 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.7 by 1.5 arcmin, about 100 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 193 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 194 (= PGC 7812)
Discovered (Jan 6, 1894) by Stephane Javelle (552)
A 14th-magnitude edge-on spiral galaxy (type Sbc) in Cetus (RA 02 03 05, Dec +02 36 50)Based on a recessional velocity of 6385 km/sec, about 285 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 290 to 330 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 2.1 by 0.3 arcmin, about 175 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 2 arcmin wide view of IC 194 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 195 (= PGC 7846)
Discovered (Oct 20, 1889) by Lewis Swift (IX-10)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAB0 pec) in Aries (RA 02 03 45, Dec +14 42 33)
Based on a recessional velocity of 3660 km/sec, about 163 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.15 by 0.6 arcmin, about 55 thousand light years in diameter. Since IC 195 and IC 196 have distorted appearances and essentially identical distances, they are presumably a strongly interacting gravitationally bound pair. |
Above, a 1.5 arcmin wide view of IC 195 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near IC 195 and 196 |

IC 196 (= PGC 7856)
Discovered (Oct 20, 1889) by Lewis Swift (IX-11)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBb pec) in Aries (RA 02 03 50, Dec +14 44 21)
Based on a recessional velocity of 3645 km/sec, about 162 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 2.6 by 0.8 arcmin, about 125 thousand light years in diameter. Since IC 196 and IC 195 have distorted appearances and essentially identical distances, they are presumably a strongly interacting gravitationally bound pair. |
| Above, a 2.7 arcmin wide view of IC 196; see IC 195 for a wide-field view of the region |
IC 197 (= PGC 7875)
Discovered (Jan 6, 1894) by Stephane Javelle (553)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBbc) in Pisces (RA 02 04 05, Dec +02 47 12)
Based on a recessional velocity of 6330 km/sec, about 280 million light years away, in poor agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 190 to 220 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 1.0 by 0.5 arcmin, perhaps 80 thousand light years in diameter. |
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide view of IC 197 and the apparently nearby PGC 212906 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxies |

PGC 212906
A 17th-(B)magnitude edge-on spiral galaxy (type S?) in Pisces (RA 02 04 05, Dec +02 47 45)
Apparent size 0.8 by 0.1 arcmins; nothing else available. See IC 197 for images of the galaxy.
IC 198 (= PGC 8011)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (554)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S?) in Pisces (RA 02 06 03, Dec +09 17 46)
Based on a recessional velocity of 9245 km/sec, about 410 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 290 to 400 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 1.1 by 0.6 arcmin, about 130 thousand light years in diameter. If the recessional velocity distance estimate is more reliable than the redshift-independent estimates, IC 198 and IC 199 may be a gravitationally bound pair. |
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide view of IC 198 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

IC 199 (= IC 1778 = PGC 8026)
Discovered (Dec 15, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (555) (and later recorded as IC 199)
"Rediscovered" (1897) by Stephane Javelle (and later recorded as IC 1778)
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sab) in Pisces (RA 02 06 19, Dec +09 13 38)
(Per Corwin: Usually a rediscovery of the same object by the same observer is due to poor measurements of its position; but Javelle's two measurements are essentially the same, so it's a complete mystery that he failed to realize that he had already observed the object, five years earlier.) Based on a recessional velocity of 9260 km/sec, about 410 million light years away, in fair agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 340 to 360 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of 1.4 by 0.8 arcmin, perhaps 170 thousand light years across. If the recessional velocity distance estimate is more reliable than the redshift-independent estimates, IC 199 and IC 198 may be a gravitationally bound pair. |
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide view of IC 199 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view of the region near the galaxy |

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