Celestial Atlas
(NGC 2300 - 2349) <—     NGC Objects: NGC 2350 - 2399     —> (NGC 2400 - 2449)
Click here for Introductory Material
QuickLinks:
2350, 2351, 2352, 2353, 2354, 2355, 2356, 2357, 2358, 2359, 2360, 2361, 2362, 2363, 2364, 2365, 2366,
2367, 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371, 2372, 2373, 2374, 2375, 2376, 2377, 2378, 2379, 2380, 2381, 2382, 2383,
2384, 2385, 2386, 2387, 2388, 2389, 2390, 2391, 2392, 2393, 2394, 2395, 2396, 2397, 2398, 2399

Page last updated Jul 24, 2011
WORKING: Add positions/physical data (per Steinicke)

NGC 2350 (= PGC 20416)
Discovered (Jan 18, 1874) by
Édouard Stephan (6-6)
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S0/a) in Canis Minor (RA 07 13 12, Dec +12 15 58)

Based on recessional velocity of 1910 km/sec, about 85 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 1.3 by 0.7 arcmins, about 30 thousand light years in diameter.

Wikisky image of NGC 2350
Above, a 2.4 arcmin wide closeup of NGC 2350
Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy
Wikisky image of region around NGC 2350

NGC 2351
Discovered (Mar 9, 1828) by
John Herschel

NGC 2352
Discovered (Mar 6, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2353
Discovered (Jan 10, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2354
Discovered (Mar 6, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2355 (=
NGC 2356)
Discovered (Mar 8, 1784) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2356)
Discovered (Mar 16, 1784) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2355)

NGC 2356 (=
NGC 2355)
Discovered (Mar 8, 1784) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2356)
Discovered (Mar 16, 1784) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2355)

NGC 2357
Discovered (Feb 6, 1885) by
Édouard Stephan (13-27)

NGC 2358
Discovered (Dec 31, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2359, Thor's Helmet
Discovered (Jan 31, 1785) by
William Herschel
An 8th-magnitude emission nebula in Canis Major (RA 07 18 30, Dec -13 13 30)

(Historical: The second IC says "RA is 1 minute too small (W.H. was right). 2361 is one of the points of condensation".) NGC 2359 is a bubble-like nebula about 30 light years across and 15 thousand light years away, which is energized by stellar winds blowing away from a Wolf-Rayet star near its center. Such stars are high-mass Main Sequence stars (blue giants) and have very short lifetimes, so they are relatively rare at any given time, since most of them have already died in supernova explosions. Surrounding the bubble are complex bow-shock structures created when the millions of miles per hour stellar wind pushed the expanding bubble of gas into surrounding clouds of gas and dust.

Wikisky image of NGC 2359
Above, a 6 arcmin wide closeup of the central bubble
Below, a half degree wide view of the region around NGC 2359
Wikisky image of region near NGC 2359
Below, a spectacular image of the nebula courtesy of CFHT
Credit and Copyright: Jean-Charles Cuillandre (CFHT) & Giovanni Anselmi (Coelum Astronomia), Hawaiian Starlight


NGC 2360
Discovered (Feb 26, 1783) by
Caroline Herschel

NGC 2361
Discovered (1877) by
Wilhelm Tempel

The first IC says "This is probably (William Herschel's) V.21, for which H gave the RA 07 12 02. d'Arrest's RA agrees with Bigourdan's". Also, a second IC note about 2359 states that 2361 is one of the points of condensation in that nebula.


NGC 2362
Discovered (before 1654) by
Giovanni Hodierna
Discovered (Mar 6, 1783) by William Herschel
Refer to the discussion of Hodierna for why he was not credited with the discovery of any NGC object

NGC 2363
Discovered (Mar 9, 1874) by
Ralph Copeland

NGC 2364
Discovered (Jan 8, 1831) by
John Herschel

NGC 2365
Discovered (Nov 10, 1864) by
Albert Marth (102)

NGC 2366
Discovered (Dec 3, 1788) by
William Herschel

NGC 2367
Discovered (Nov 20, 1784) by
William Herschel

NGC 2368
Discovered (Mar 9, 1828) by
John Herschel

NGC 2369
Discovered (Dec 26, 1834) by
John Herschel

NGC 2370
Discovered (Nov 10, 1864) by
Albert Marth (103)

NGC 2371 (=
NGC 2372)
Discovered (Mar 12, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2371)
Discovered (Mar 12, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2372)
Obviously made two "sweeps" and failed to realize it was the same object (even though on the same night)

NGC 2372 (=
NGC 2371)
Discovered (Mar 12, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2371)
Discovered (Mar 12, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2372)
Obviously made two "sweeps" and failed to realize it was the same object (even though on the same night)

NGC 2373
Discovered (Feb 20, 1849) by
George Stoney

NGC 2374
Discovered (Jan 31, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2375
Discovered (Feb 20, 1849) by
George Stoney

NGC 2376
Discovered (Nov 10, 1864) by
Albert Marth (104)

NGC 2377
Discovered (Jan 19, 1874) by
Édouard Stephan (6-8)

NGC 2378
Discovered (Feb 8, 1878) by
Édouard Stephan (9-10)

NGC 2379
Discovered (Mar 6, 1828) by
John Herschel

NGC 2380 (=
NGC 2382)
Discovered (Feb 1, 1837) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2382)
Discovered (Feb 5, 1837) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2380)
Erroneous observations on two sweeps separated by 4 nights; all too common

NGC 2381
Discovered (Dec 26, 1834) by
John Herschel

NGC 2382 (=
NGC 2380)
Discovered (Feb 1, 1837) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2382)
Discovered (Feb 5, 1837) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 2380)
Poor positions on two sweeps separated by 4 nights; all too common
The second IC lists a corrected position (per Howe) of RA 07 18 15, NPD 117 15.5 and adds "h.'s place only approximate".

NGC 2383
Discovered (Feb 15, 1836) by
John Herschel

NGC 2384
Discovered (Feb 15, 1836) by
John Herschel

NGC 2385
Discovered (Feb 4, 1793) by
William Herschel

NGC 2386
Discovered (Jan 1, 1876) by
Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse

NGC 2387
Discovered (Mar 10, 1790) by
William Herschel

NGC 2388
Discovered (Feb 4, 1793) by
William Herschel

NGC 2389
Discovered (Feb 5, 1788) by
William Herschel

NGC 2390
Discovered (Dec 10, 1866) by
Robert Ball

NGC 2391
Discovered (Dec 10, 1866) by
Robert Ball

NGC 2392 = the Eskimo Nebula
Discovered (Jan 17, 1787) by
William Herschel
A 9th-magnitude planetary nebula in Gemini (RA 07 29 11, Dec +20 54 45)

(Historical: the second IC says "About its spectrum see Pickering, A.N. 4089, p.141". Not relevant to a determination of its identification, but perhaps of interest to some readers.) NGC 2392 is a double shell planetary nebula, consisting of a white dwarf (a formerly Sun-like star) surrounded by two regions ejected by the star. The outer "shell" is believed to be a dense, slow-moving (approximately 20 miles per second) structure ejected from the equatorial region of the star when it was a red giant, ten thousand years ago. The gas in the outer region is moving outward at about 20 miles per second. The inner region consists of two elliptical lobes emitted by the polar regions of the star, approximately directly toward and away from us (so that the front lobe mostly obscures the back one). The gas in this lobe is moving much faster (from 60 to 120 miles per second), and is much hotter (3 to 4 million Fahrenheit degrees) than the gas in the outer shell. NGC 2392 is about 3000 light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.8 by 0.7 arcmin, it is about 2/3 light year in diameter. This contradicts frequently-quoted estimates of the linear structures in the outer shell being a light year in length, as they can't be larger than the entire nebula. Note: Searching for NGC 2392 in Wikisky brings up the wrong object, galaxy PGC 21128.


Above, an approximately (1 arcmin?) wide closeup of NGC 2392
(Credit: Peter and Suzie Erickson/Adam Block/AURA/NSF/NOAO)
Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the (overexposed) nebula
Wikisky image of region near NGC 2392
Below, a Hubble Space Telescope image of the nebula
Credits: Andrew Fruchter (STScI) et al., WFPC2, HST, NASA


PGC 21128
Listed here because of misidentification as
NGC 2392, noted above
A 14th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Gemini (RA 07 29 28, Dec +20 03 18)

Based on recessional velocity of 4525 km/sec, about 200 million light years away. Given that and apparent size of 0.75 by 0.4 arcmin, about 45 thousand light years across.

Wikisky image of PGC 21128
Above, a 2.4 arcmin wide closeup of PGC 21128
Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy
Wikisky image of region near PGC 21128

NGC 2393
Discovered (Feb 7, 1885) by
Édouard Stephan (13-28)

NGC 2394
Discovered (Dec 28, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2395
Discovered (Mar 16, 1784) by
William Herschel
An 8th-magnitude open cluster in Gemini (RA 07 27 13, Dec +13 36 30)

A cluster of about twenty stars about 1350 light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 12 arcmin, about 5 light years across. The cluster appears to have lost most of its original stars (particularly the lower-mass ones) due to gravitational interactions with non-cluster stars, as it orbited the galaxy over the approximately billion and a half years since its formation. (In the image below, the bright reddish stars near the center are K-type red giants whose characteristics were used to establish the age of the cluster.)

Wikisky image of NGC 2395
Above, a 24 arcmin wide view of NGC 2395
Below, a 1.1 degree wide view, to also show the position of the Medusa Nebula (at lower left)
Wikisky image of region near NGC 2395

NGC 2396
Discovered (Jan 31, 1785) by
William Herschel

NGC 2397
Discovered (Feb 21, 1835) by
John Herschel

NGC 2398
Discovered (Feb 10, 1885) by
Édouard Stephan (13-29)
The second IC notes (per Javelle III) "seems to be a double nebula"

NGC 2399
Recorded (Feb 26, 1853) by
George Bond
Three 13th, 14th and 15th magnitude stars in Canis Minor (RA 07 29 49.9, Dec -00 12 49)

Per Dreyer, NGC 2399 (= Bond (#9, HN 9), 1860 RA 07 22 41, NPD 89 55.6) is one of "two faint nebulae (Auwers 24 & 25), ? very small clusters", the other being NGC 2400 (which see for an image of the two NGC objects). The position precesses to RA 07 29 51.0, Dec -00 12 48, almost dead center on the triplet of stars; so the identification is certain. Note: A Wikisky search for NGC 2399 shows a position close to NGC 2400, and does not indicate any NGC label; so use the coordinates to see the correct triplet.

Celestial Atlas
(NGC 2300 - 2349) <—     NGC Objects: NGC 2350 - 2399     —> (NGC 2400 - 2449)
Click here for Introductory Material