QuickLinks: 3950, 3951, 3952, 3953, 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957, 3958, 3959, 3960, 3961, 3962, 3963, 3964, 3965, 3966, 3967, 3968, 3969, 3970, 3971, 3972, 3973, 3974, 3975, 3976, 3977, 3978, 3979, 3980, 3981, 3982, 3983, 3984, 3985, 3986, 3987, 3988, 3989, 3990, 3991, 3992, 3993, 3994, 3995, 3996, 3997, 3998, 3999
Page last updated Jul 25, 2011
WORKING: Add positions/physical data (per Steinicke)
NGC 3950 (= PGC 37294)
Discovered (Apr 27, 1875) by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Lord Rosse
A 16th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E1?) in Ursa Major (RA 11 53 41.1, Dec +47 53 06)
Based on a recessional velocity of 22365 km/sec, a straightforward calculation suggests that NGC 3950 is about 1.04 billion light years away. However, for objects at such a distance, we need to take the Universal expansion into account. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 955 million light years away when the light by which we see it left the galaxy, about 990 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space in that interval). Given that and its apparent size of 0.40 by 0.35 arcmin, the galaxy is about 110 thousand light years across. |
 Above, a 2.4 arcmin wide closeup of NGC 3950 and the northern part of NGC 3949 Below, a 12 arcmin wide view centered on NGC 3949

NGC 3951
Discovered (Apr 10, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3952 (= IC 2972)
Discovered (Mar 11, 1787) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3952)
Discovered (Mar 23, 1895) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as IC 2972)
NGC 3953
Discovered (Apr 12, 1789) by William Herschel
NGC 3954
Discovered (Apr 26, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3955
Discovered (Dec 21, 1786) by William Herschel
NGC 3956
Discovered (Mar 10, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3957 (= IC 2965)
Discovered (Feb 7, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3957)
Discovered (Feb 20, 1898) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as IC 2965)
NGC 3958
Discovered (Mar 18, 1790) by William Herschel
NGC 3959
Discovered (May 19, 1881) by Wilhelm Tempel (V-11/12)
NGC 3960
Discovered (Apr 30, 1826) by James Dunlop (349)
NGC 3961
Discovered (Apr 7, 1793) by William Herschel
NGC 3962
Discovered (Feb 8, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3963
Discovered (Mar 18, 1790) by William Herschel
NGC 3964
Discovered (Mar 30, 1827) by John Herschel
NGC 3965
Discovered (1886) by Francis Leavenworth (II-452)
NGC 3966 (= NGC 3986)
Discovered (Apr 29, 1827) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3986)
Discovered (May 8, 1864) by Heinrich d'Arrest (and later listed as NGC 3966)
The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Wolf list VIII) of 11 48 29, and notes that d'Arrest made only one observation.
NGC 3967
Discovered (May 19, 1881) by Wilhelm Tempel (V-13/14)
NGC 3968
Discovered (Apr 17, 1784) by William Herschel
NGC 3969
Discovered (1886) by Ormond Stone (II-453)
The second IC adds (per Howe) "RA 11 48 01, NPD 108 08.9, the star is 8.5 magnitude, and is nearly north".
NGC 3970
Discovered (Mar 9, 1828) by John Herschel
NGC 3971 (= NGC 3984)
Discovered (Feb 3, 1788) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3971)
Discovered (Apr 10, 1831) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3984)
NGC 3972
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel
NGC 3973
Discovered (Mar 15, 1855) by R. J. Mitchell
NGC 3974
Discovered (Mar 9, 1828) by John Herschel
NGC 3975
Discovered (Feb 21, 1874) by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Lord Rosse
NGC 3976
Discovered (Apr 13, 1784) by William Herschel
NGC 3977 (= NGC 3980)
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3977)
Discovered (Apr 16, 1885) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as NGC 3980)
NGC 3978
Discovered (Mar 19, 1790) by William Herschel
NGC 3979 (= IC 2976)
Discovered (Apr 23, 1881) by Edward Holden (6) (and later listed as NGC 3979)
Discovered (May 23, 1897) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as IC 2976)
NGC 3980 (= NGC 3977)
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3977)
Discovered (Apr 16, 1885) by Lewis Swift (1-18) (and later listed as NGC 3980)
NGC 3981
Discovered (Feb 7, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3982
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel
NGC 3983
Discovered (Apr 10, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3984 (= NGC 3971)
Discovered (Feb 3, 1788) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3971)
Discovered (Apr 10, 1831) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3984)
The second IC says "3984: Nothing in this place, Wolf list VIII (h. one observation, about which he seemed rather doubtful)".
NGC 3985
Discovered (Feb 5, 1788) by William Herschel
NGC 3986 (= NGC 3966)
Discovered (Apr 29, 1827) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 3986)
Discovered (May 8, 1864) by Heinrich d'Arrest (and later listed as NGC 3966)
NGC 3987
Discovered (Apr 6, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3988
Discovered (Apr 13, 1831) by John Herschel
NGC 3989
Discovered (Apr 27, 1854) by R. J. Mitchell
NGC 3990
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel
NGC 3991
Discovered (Feb 5, 1864) by Heinrich d'Arrest
NGC 3992 (= M109 = PGC 37617)
Discovered (Mar 12, 1781) by Pierre Méchain
Recorded (1781) per Méchain's communication by Charles Messier
A 10th-magnitude barred spiral galaxy (type SBbc) in Ursa Major (RA 11 57 35.4, Dec +53 22 25)
 Above, a closeup of M109 (Image Credit: AURA, NSF, NOAO) Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy

NGC 3993
Discovered (Apr 6, 1785) by William Herschel
NGC 3994
Discovered (Apr 6, 1864) by Heinrich d'Arrest
NGC 3995
Discovered (Feb 5, 1864) by Heinrich d'Arrest
NGC 3996
Discovered (Apr 23, 1832) by John Herschel
NGC 3997
Discovered (Feb 19, 1827) by John Herschel
NGC 3998
Discovered (Apr 14, 1789) by William Herschel
NGC 3999
Discovered (Apr 25, 1878) by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Lord Rosse
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