Part of NGC 4395. Dreyer lists NGC 4400 as reported by Stoney's employer, William Parsons, but notes that most of his discoveries were actually made by his assistants.

Part of galaxy NGC 4395, and close to NGC 4400, which see for images.

NGC 4402's recessional velocity of 230 km/sec is too small to be a reliable indicator of distance, as peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities could be a substantial portion of the value; and in fact the 10 million light years distance corresponding to its velocity is far smaller than redshift-independent distance estimates of about 50 million light years. Using the more likely distance of 50 million light years, NGC 4402's apparent size of 3.9 by 1.1 arcmins suggests that it is about 55 thousand light years across.

Part of Markarian's Chain, a group of Virgo Cluster galaxies which lie along a smooth curve and have similar radial velocities. (See NGC 4438 for a discussion of a probable "recent" collision or near-miss involving M86 and that galaxy.)

The second IC notes "Not found by Frost on plate of 4 hours exposure".

Based on a recessional velocity of 7525 km/sec, NGC 4408 is about 350 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.7 by 0.45 arcmin, it is about 70 thousand light years across.

The second IC notes "I assume that Bigourdan 298, RA 12 19 40, NPD 80 21, very faint, large, 2.5 arcmin, is identical with this".

NGC 4424's recessional velocity of 435 km/sec is too small, in comparison to peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities, to ensure an accurate distance estimate. The distance corresponding to the recessional velocity is 20 million light years, which is less than half the redshift-independent distance estimates of 50 to 55 million light years. Presuming the more likely distance of around 50 million light years, the galaxy's apparent size of 3.6 by 1.8 arcmins would make it about 50 thousand light years across.

The second IC notes (per Max Wolf, list IV) "4426-27 are only 2 stars 36 arcsec apart, north and south".

The second IC notes (per Max Wolf, list IV) "4426-27 are only 2 stars 36 arcsec apart, north and south".

Part of Markarian's Chain, a group of Virgo Cluster galaxies which lie along a smooth curve and have similar radial velocities.

Part of Markarian's Chain, a group of Virgo Cluster galaxies which lie along a smooth curve and have similar radial velocities. The distorted shape of NGC 4438 has been interpreted in various ways; but an NOAO study shows that there is a 400 thousand light year long swath of hydrogen gas stretching between M86 and NGC 4438, suggesting that a high-speed collision (or near-miss) between the two galaxies a few tens of millions of years ago is the cause of the distortion.

The second IC notes "Not found by Frost on plate of 4 hours exposure". (Part of Markarian's Chain, under its listing as NGC 4461)

Per Dreyer, NGC 4449 (= John Herschel's GC 3002, 1860 RA 12 21 23, NPD 45 08.0) is "very bright, considerably large, much extended, double or bifid (either a double nebula, or a single nebula split into two lobes), well-resolved (clearly consisting of stars), 9th-magnitude star 5 arcmin to east". The position precesses to RA 12 28 13.4, Dec +44 05 30, about 0.6 arcmin southeast of the center of the galaxy, but for such a large and irregular object an insignificant error, so the identification is certain. Based on a recessional velocity of 205 km/sec, NGC 4449 is about 10 million light years away. For such a small distance, peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities can significantly affect the accuracy of the result, but as it happens, the value is in good agree with redshift-independent distance estimates of 10 to 14 million light years. Using the generally presumed distance of 12 million light years and its apparent size of 6.2 by 4.4 arcmin, the galaxy is about 20 thousand light years across. Its structure and size appear similar to the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite of our galaxy, but it is not a member of our Local Group, but of the nearby Canes Venatici group of galaxies. Radio imaging indicates that the "dwarf" is embedded in a gaseous halo nearly 200 thousand light years across, or a thousand times the volume of the visible galaxy(!)