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Online Astronomy eText: Satellites (Moons)
The Satellites (Moons) of Saturn: Prometheus
(mostly written in 2004, before the Cassini spacecraft reached Saturn)


Prometheus as seen from the side, by Voyager 2, in 1981

     Prometheus, as seen from one end, by the Cassini spacecraft, in 2005. The moon rotates synchronously (as do almost all of Saturn's moons), with the long axis always pointing at Saturn. This view shows the end which points away from Saturn, toward the F ring, which is shepherded by Promethus and Pandora.
(NASA,Cassini Imaging Team)


     Prometheus' interaction with the F ring pulls material toward it, but as it moves past the ring (its smaller orbit gives it a higher angular velocity), very little of the material actually reaches it. Most of the ring particles surge toward Prometheus, then fall backward, towards the ring, creating waves and ripples in the ring. In this process, the pull of the moon tends to actually concentrate material in the ring, rather than spreading it out. This paradoxical result is due to the interaction of the ring particles with the small, temporary pull of Prometheus, and the much larger, permanent pull due to Saturn's gravity (see how satellites shepherd rings).


Data for Prometheus

Discovered by S.Collins and others in 1980, from Voyager 1 photographs
Named after one of the sons of Uranus and Gaea
Orbital size 139,353 km (about 86,600 miles) (just inside the F ring)
Orbital eccentricity 0%
Orbital inclination 0 degrees
Orbital period 14.7 hours
Diameter about 150 x 100 x 70 km (about 92 x 62 x 42 miles) (very elongated)
Mass, density and surface gravity all very uncertain
Albedo (reflectivity) 60%
Inner of two shepherd moons (other Pandora) which control F ring
Counter